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:''For others by this name, see Androcydes (disambiguation).'' Androcydes (also transliterated as Androkydes) was a Pythagorean whose work ''On Pythagorean Symbols''〔Also translated ''On Pythagoric Symbols''; Kenneth Sylvan Guthrie, ''The Pythagorean Sourcebook and Library'' (Red Wheel/Weiser, 1987), p. 93 (online. )〕 survives only in scattered fragments. The dating of his life is uncertain; he lived before the 1st century BC〔The earliest reference to Androcydes’ work appears in the 1st-century BC grammarian Tryphon.〕 but possibly as early as the 4th. The frequency with which Androcydes is mentioned in other works indicates that he was a major source for the later Pythagorean tradition, and he is also of interest in studying the historical development of the literary and philosophical symbol.〔Peter Struck, ''Birth of the Symbol'' (Princeton University Press, 2004), p. 99 (online ); Struck regards the magico-religious performative power of the Pythagorean symbol as exceeding the methodological confines of conventional semiotics.〕 ==The Pythagorean symbols== Walter Burkert featured Androcydes in his stemma of Pythagorean ''symbola'',〔Walter Burkert, ''Lore and Science in Ancient Pythagoreanism'', translated by Edwin L. Minar, Jr. (Cambridge University Press, 1972), pp. 166–173, as cited by Peter Struck, ''Birth of the Symbol'' (Princeton University Press, 2004), p. 98.〕 consisting of gnomic utterances or maxims.〔Such as “Eat not in the chariot,” “Do not urinate against the sun,” and most famously “Abstain from beans”; see Kenneth Sylvan Guthrie, ''The Pythagorean Sourcebook and Library'' (Red Wheel/Weiser, 1987), p. 146 ( online ) and pp. 159–161 (online ) for a full list.〕 Androcydes was regarded as one of the most important sources on the ''akousmata''.〔Felix Jacoby, ''Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker'' (Brill, 1999), p. 253, note 62 (online. )〕 According to Grant (2002), he has said, ''wine and meat do harm the mind''.〔Robert McQueen Grant, ''Early Christians and Animals'' (Routledge, 1999), p. 13 (online. )〕 Paraphrases of his work in later writers demonstrate his method of interpreting these behavioral strictures. For instance, “Do not step over a yoke” should be understood as meaning “Do not transgress justice.” These interpretations indicate that the prohibitions held arcane significance for those willing to ponder them and learn, that the ''symbola'' are also ''enigmata'' (αἰνίγματα).〔Peter Struck, ''Birth of the Symbol'', p. 99.〕 The 1st-century BC grammarian Tryphon refers to Androcydes’ work in a section on literary ''enigmata'', which he defines as darkened or obscured allegories. Tryphon implies that Androcydes made no strong distinction between poetic and philosophical modes of discourse, in that he cited passages from Hesiod in interpreting the Pythagorean symbols.〔Peter Struck, ''Birth of the Symbol'', pp. 103–104.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Androcydes (Pythagorean)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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